Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells

Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells

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During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove apoptotic cells through efferocytosis.While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory cytokines and NO and fights infection, M2 macrophages are permissive host cells that express arginase 1 and play a role in tissue repair.The regulation of M1 and M2 phenotypes might either induce or impair macrophage-mediated iphone 13 pro max price florida immunity towards parasite control or persistence in chronic Chagas disease.Here, we highlight a key role of macrophage activation in early immune responses to T.

cruzi that prevent escalating parasitemia, heart parasitism, and mortality during acute infection.We will discuss synovex one grass the mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation, such as T cell cytokines and efferocytosis, and how to improve macrophage-mediated immunity to prevent parasite persistence, inflammation, and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy.Potential vaccines or therapy must enhance early T cell-macrophage crosstalk and parasite control to restrain the pathogenic outcomes of parasite-induced inflammation in the heart.